![]() ![]() According to Mikhail Bakhtin, in the Underground Man's confession "there is literally not a single monologically firm, undissociated word". Although the first part of the novella has the form of a monologue, the narrator's form of address to his reader is acutely dialogized. The novella presents itself as an excerpt from the memoirs of a bitter, isolated, unnamed narrator (generally referred to by critics as the Underground Man), who is a retired civil servant living in St. It is a first-person narrative in the form of a " confession": the work was originally announced by Dostoevsky in Epoch under the title "A Confession". ![]() Notes from Underground ( pre-reform Russian: Записки изъ подполья post-reform Russian: Записки из подполья, Zapíski iz podpólʹya also translated as Notes from the Underground or Letters from the Underworld) is a novella by Fyodor Dostoevsky, first published in the journal Epoch in 1864. ![]()
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